Public Health Nursing Practice Exam

Which statement aligns with the Liberal Democratic Theory of John Rawls?

1. Rejection of any idea that societies can hold rights

2. Inequalities result from birth and circumstances

3. Everyone has a right to private property

4. Government should be limited

The correct answer is: Inequalities result from birth and circumstances

The statement about inequalities resulting from birth and circumstances aligns with John Rawls' Liberal Democratic Theory, particularly his principles of justice as fairness. Rawls emphasizes that social and economic inequalities should be arranged to benefit the least advantaged members of society. He recognizes that many inequalities arise not from individual merit or effort, but rather from arbitrary factors such as one's family background or economic circumstances at birth. This perspective is central to his concept of the "original position," where individuals would choose principles of justice behind a "veil of ignorance," unaware of their own social situation. By acknowledging that these inequalities are not justifiable when considering fairness, Rawls advocates for a system that supports social justice, allowing for primary goods to be equally distributed unless a difference benefits the least advantaged. The other statements do not accurately represent the essence of Rawls' theory. For instance, rejecting the notion that societies can hold rights contradicts the idea of social justice that he proposes. While Rawls acknowledges the right to private property, he emphasizes that such rights must be balanced with the needs and benefits of the society at large. Additionally, while a limited government may be desirable, Rawls does not advocate for minimal government; rather, he supports a government that actively promotes justice and equality.