Public Health Nursing Practice Exam

Which environmental law regulates pollutants discharged into United States waters?

1. Safe Drinking Water Act

2. Toxic Substance Control Act

3. Clean Water Act

4. Pollution Prevention Act

The correct answer is: Clean Water Act

The Clean Water Act is the environmental law that regulates pollutants discharged into the waters of the United States. Its primary aim is to restore and maintain the integrity of the nation's waters by preventing point and nonpoint source pollution. The Act establishes the framework for regulating discharges of pollutants, setting water quality standards, and enabling the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to implement controls to protect water quality. This law specifically addresses various types of water bodies, including rivers, lakes, and wetlands, and it requires permits for the discharge of pollutants, known as National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits. By enforcing these regulations, the Clean Water Act helps ensure that both surface water and groundwater are safeguarded from contamination, contributing to environmental health and public safety. In comparison, the Safe Drinking Water Act focuses on the quality of drinking water and does not specifically address all water bodies. The Toxic Substances Control Act regulates the use of toxic substances but not directly the pollutants in water. The Pollution Prevention Act emphasizes reducing waste before it is created rather than regulating specific discharges into water. Thus, the Clean Water Act stands out as the specific legislation addressing pollutants in U.S. waters.