Public Health Nursing Practice Exam

The immunization of an infant for measles, mumps, and rubella primarily provides what type of immunity?

1. Active

2. Passive

3. Natural

4. Acquired

The correct answer is: Active

The immunization of an infant for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) primarily provides active immunity. This is due to the fact that the vaccine contains weakened or inactivated forms of the viruses responsible for these diseases, which stimulates the immune system to produce its own antibodies. When an infant receives the MMR vaccine, their body recognizes the antigens in the vaccine as foreign invaders, triggering an immune response that includes the production of specific antibodies. This active immune response is crucial because it not only protects the infant against the diseases at the time of vaccination but also establishes immunological memory. This means that if the infant is later exposed to these viruses, their immune system is better prepared to respond quickly and effectively, significantly reducing the risk of illness. In contrast, passive immunity involves the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another, such as from mother to infant through breast milk or placental transfer, and does not involve the recipient's immune system generating its own antibodies. Natural immunity refers to the protection that results from infection with the actual diseases, while acquired immunity encompasses both active and passive immunity gained through interaction with pathogens or their components, but in this context, the focus is specifically on the active form conferred by vaccination.