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Tracking children at risk for underimmunization is the most effective strategy for increasing immunization coverage among infants because it allows public health professionals to identify specific populations that may be vulnerable to not receiving timely vaccinations. This targeted approach can help ensure that outreach efforts and resources are focused on these at-risk groups, facilitating interventions that directly address barriers to immunization.

By monitoring and tracking these children, health departments can implement tailored strategies, such as reminder systems, enhanced education for caregivers, and improved access to vaccination services. This proactive surveillance not only helps in addressing immediate gaps in immunization but also establishes a framework for ongoing support, making it easier to maintain high vaccination rates over time.

Furthermore, tracking data allows for better resource allocation and collaboration among healthcare providers, community organizations, and public health officials, which can all contribute to improved overall immunization coverage.